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White frosted A-shape LED bulb marked “7W” with an E27 screw base — The carbon footprint of a light bulb: electricity and CO₂

The carbon footprint of a light bulb: electricity and CO₂

A bulb gives off no smoke, but the electricity it uses is generated somewhere. How lighting connects to CO₂, how to calculate it and what a lamp’s full life cycle looks like.

Clear pear-shaped incandescent bulb with the tungsten filament visible — Why incandescent bulbs waste most of their power as heat

Why incandescent bulbs waste most of their power as heat

An incandescent bulb makes light from a glowing metal filament, and that method has a physical limit. Where the energy goes, how halogen differs and how LEDs deal with heat.

Reflector spot lamp seen from above, with a two-pin base — A ceiling full of halogen spots: how consumption changes with LED

A ceiling full of halogen spots: how consumption changes with LED

Dozens of halogen spots in a suspended ceiling can add up to several hundred watts. How to identify your spots, calculate the difference and avoid the traps when switching.

Living room with a large panoramic window, light sofa, shaded floor lamp and glass coffee table — Switching a whole home to LED: which bulbs to replace first

Switching a whole home to LED: which bulbs to replace first

Switching every light in the home to LED saves money and time when it is planned. The steps, from making a list to checking compatibility and disposing of old lamps.

Zəfər İşığı-branded white LED bulb marked “7W” on a white background — Checking how much of your meter reading goes on lighting

Checking how much of your meter reading goes on lighting

Rather than guessing from the bill, use the meter reading and its pulse light to measure what your home lighting actually consumes.

Classic clear-glass incandescent bulb with a metal screw base — Do hot bulbs make your air conditioner work harder in summer?

Do hot bulbs make your air conditioner work harder in summer?

Every watt a lamp uses ends up as heat in the room. Here is how that affects cooling in summer and when the difference is actually noticeable.

Frosted white LED bulb with “9W” printed on the body and a silver screw base — Why a cheap LED bulb can turn out expensive

Why a cheap LED bulb can turn out expensive

The cheapest LED bulb on the shelf looks like a bargain at the till. Here is how it can cost you later and what to check before you buy.

Close view of a branded A-shape LED bulb marked “9W” — The energy label: how to read the A–G scale

The energy label: how to read the A–G scale

The coloured label on a lamp box shows energy efficiency. We explain how the scale was rescaled and what the letters actually stand for.

Clear candle-shaped filament LED lamp with a narrow screw base — How much electricity a multi-bulb chandelier uses

How much electricity a multi-bulb chandelier uses

Eight, twelve, sometimes twenty bulbs in one chandelier. How to work out what they use together, and practical ways to bring that figure down.

Four-blade folding LED lamp shown opened out above and folded below — Why LED lighting is the choice for solar power systems

Why LED lighting is the choice for solar power systems

In an off-grid solar system every watt means panel area and battery capacity. Here is why LED lighting decides how big the whole system has to be.

Clear capsule halogen lamp with two thin straight pins — 12 V battery-powered LED lighting for cabins and garages

12 V battery-powered LED lighting for cabins and garages

Running LED lights from a car-type battery in a garden cabin or garage with no mains: choosing lamps, wiring, fusing and working out battery capacity.

Bedroom with white bedding, flexible wall reading lamps on both sides of the bed and pendant lights behind — Household lighting habits: simple rules for saving energy

Household lighting habits: simple rules for saving energy

Swapping bulbs is only half the saving; the rest depends on everyday habits. Simple rules that everyone in the household can actually follow.

White LED bulb marked “12W” with an E27 screw base — Lamp life: how many years 15,000 hours lasts in daily use

Lamp life: how many years 15,000 hours lasts in daily use

What do the hours printed on the box mean in everyday life? A simple way to turn rated life into years, and the conditions behind that figure.

Large-bodied white LED bulb with the Zəfər İşığı logo and an E27 screw base — Lighting during power cuts: running LEDs on a UPS or generator

Lighting during power cuts: running LEDs on a UPS or generator

Keeping the lights on at home or in a small office during a power cut: choosing a UPS or generator, sizing the LED load and avoiding common mistakes.

Open-plan living area joined to the kitchen, with a dark wooden dining table and chairs in front — Lighting circuits and switches: light only what you need

Lighting circuits and switches: light only what you need

Putting every bulb on one switch is tiring and wasteful. Here is the logic of splitting light into zones and a few practical layouts.

Frosted white A-shape LED bulb with “15W” printed on the body — Using the savings calculator: entering the right figures

Using the savings calculator: entering the right figures

A calculator is only as accurate as the figures you give it. Here is how to work out lamp count, old wattage, hours of use and tariff step by step.

Four-blade folding LED lamp shown opened out above and folded below — Changing bulbs on high ceilings: why long life matters

Changing bulbs on high ceilings: why long life matters

On a ceiling you cannot reach with a stepladder, replacing a bulb means extra labour, time and risk. How to account for that hidden cost and reduce it.

Large-bodied white LED bulb with the Zəfər İşığı logo and an E27 screw base — Do smart bulbs use power when they are switched off?

Do smart bulbs use power when they are switched off?

A smart bulb switched off in the app is not truly off: its wireless module keeps listening. How to estimate that standby consumption.

White LED bulb with a frosted dome and the brand logo on a white background — How big a share of home electricity goes on lighting

How big a share of home electricity goes on lighting

Lighting's share of household consumption differs from home to home. Instead of trusting a ready-made percentage, here is how to work it out for yours.

Mushroom-shaped clear incandescent lamp with the filament supports inside — Is the heat from incandescent bulbs “free heating” in winter?

Is the heat from incandescent bulbs “free heating” in winter?

An incandescent bulb turns most of its energy into heat. Is that heat really useful in winter, or is it an expensive, inefficient way to warm a room?

White frosted A-shape LED bulb marked “7W” with an E27 screw base — Does warm light use less energy than cool light?

Does warm light use less energy than cool light?

Whether a bulb of a given wattage gives warm or cool light does not change its consumption. Where the myth comes from and what really matters when choosing.

Zəfər İşığı-branded white LED bulb marked “7W” on a white background — What determines the price of an LED bulb

What determines the price of an LED bulb

Two LED bulbs that look identical can differ several times in price. Here is what drives the price and where cheapness hides its costs.

Open-plan living area joined to the kitchen, with a dark wooden dining table and chairs in front — Lighting a living room: a step-by-step plan

Lighting a living room: a step-by-step plan

A living room is for guests, TV and reading alike. Instead of relying on a single chandelier, here is a step-by-step plan for building light in layers.

Bedroom with white bedding, flexible wall reading lamps on both sides of the bed and pendant lights behind — Bedroom lighting: comfort and practicality

Bedroom lighting: comfort and practicality

Bedroom light has to work for dressing and tidying as well as winding down for sleep. How to place ambient and local lighting.